Indonesia has a population of 274 million people and is is ranked as the 2^nd country in high-burden TB countries with an estimated TB incidence of 969,000 cases as listed by the World Health Organization (WHO Global Tuberculosis Report, 2022). In 2021, an estimated 28,000 people suffered from multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) in Indonesia. The WHO estimates 150,000 people died of TB in Indonesia in 2021.

Currently in Indonesia, DR-TB services are available at 383 health facilities in 350 districts and 5.733 satellite facilities in 461 districts established from October 2022 and the country is expanding the number of facilities to enhance access to DR TB treatment and care.

Indonesia started with BPaL Operational Research (OR) supported by the LIFT-TB project in 4 provinces. Currently, the country is conducting a programmatic scale-up of the BPaL(M) regimen in 4 provinces that started the BPaL OR and planning for nationwide programmatic scale up in 34 provinces.

Indonesia is supporting the programmatic scale-up partly by an USAID project. There has been developed a national roll-out plan and budgets, and is in constant funds mobilizing to conduct a nationwide scale-up. National guidelines are under review for approval.

Implementation efforts will be guided by an initial nationwide assessment to determine health facility readiness (initiating DR-TB treatment and safety monitoring), and including the stakeholder support and a jointly updated roadmap. In addition, the transition from BPaL OR to programmatic implementation is expected to be supported by strengthening the capacity of valuable resources, a comprehensive care package and good patient care.